Njira zina zophatikiziraNjira zina zophatikizira kuphatikiza utomoni wophatikizika, ionomer wamagalasi, mapaipi, ndi golide, mwazinthu zina. Ogula ambiri amasankha kudzazidwa mwachindunji chifukwa utoto woyera umagwirizana bwino ndi dzino ndipo mtengo wake umawerengedwa kuti ndiwochepa.

M'mbuyomu, kutsutsana kodziwika motsutsana ndi kudzazidwa kophatikiza ndikuti sanali olimba ngati amalgam. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa watsimikizira izi. Ofufuza za kafukufuku yemwe adasindikizidwa mu 2016 ndipo adachitika kwa odwala opitilira 76,000 kwazaka zopitilira khumi adapeza kuti mayikidwe am'mbuyo am'mbuyo anali ndi kuchuluka kwakulephera kwapachaka kuposa zophatikiza.1Kafukufuku awiri osiyana omwe adasindikizidwa mu 2013 adapeza kuti kuphatikiza komwe kumachitika komanso amalgam poyerekeza kuchuluka kwakulephera2ndi mitengo yobwezeretsa m'malo.3Kafukufuku wina waperekanso zotsatira zofananira: kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2015 olembedwa kuti "magwiridwe antchito azachipatala" azitsulo zophatikizika pazaka 30,4kusanthula kwa meta komwe kudafalitsidwa mu 2014 kunati "kupulumuka kwabwino" kwamakonzedwe obwezeretsa pambuyo pake,5Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2012 adawonetsa mitundu ina yazinthu zophatikizika mpaka bola amalgam,6ndipo kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2011 adapeza "magwiridwe antchito abwino azachipatala" azophatikiza pazaka 22.7

Zodzazidwa zingapo zatsutsidwanso chifukwa zina mwazo zimakhala ndi zotsutsana bisphenol-A (BPA). Madokotala a mano ali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pankhani yachitetezo cha BPA ndi mitundu ina ya bisphenol, monga Bis-GMA ndi Bis-DMA. Pakhalanso nkhawa ina yama ionomers yamagalasi, onse omwe ali ndi fluoride.

Odwala omwe ali ndi nkhawa ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mano awo nthawi zambiri amasankha kukambirana ndi madokotala awo za kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chomwe mulibe zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, chinthu chotchedwa Admira Kusakanikirana8/Admira Fusion X-tra9yotulutsidwa mu Januware 2016 ndi kampani yamazinyo VOCO akuti ndi ceramic10komanso kuti musakhale ndi Bis-GMA kapena BPA isanachiritsidwe kapena itatha.

Njira ina kwa odwala mano yokhudzana ndi njira ina yopanda mankhwala a mercury yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chodzaza ndikudzifufuza okha komanso / kapena kuyesa mayeso a biocompatibility. Ngati kuyezetsa kwachilengedwe kukugwiritsidwa ntchito, magazi amtundu wa wodwalayo amatumizidwa ku labotale komwe seramu imawunikiridwa ngati kuli ma antibodies a IgG ndi IgM kuzipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mano.11 Wodwalayo amapatsidwa mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zida zamazinyo zamankhwala zili zotetezeka kuti azizigwiritsa ntchito ndipo ndi ziti zomwe zingayambitse kuyankha. Zitsanzo ziwiri za ma lab omwe pano akupereka ntchitoyi ndi awa Maofesi a Biocomp12ndi ELISA / ACT Biotechnologies13

Komanso, ponena za matenda a mano, Dr. Stejskal adayambitsa Kuyesedwa kwa MELISA mu 1994. Uwu ndi mtundu wosinthidwa wa (Lymphocyte Transformation Test) LLT wopangidwa kuti ayesere mtundu wazitsulo wazitsulo IV wachedwetsa kukhudzika kwazitsulo, kuphatikiza chidwi cha mercury.14

Kuphatikiza pa kuganizira zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pakudzaza mano, ndikofunikira kuti odwala mano ndi akatswiri azidziwa bwino gwiritsani ntchito njira zachitetezo pochotsa mano a malgam mercury.

Zothandizira

1. Laske Mark, Opdam Niek JM, Bronkhorst Ewald M, Braspenning Joze CC, Huysmans Marie-Charlotte DNJM Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali pakubwezeretsanso kwachipatala cha Dutch. Kafukufuku wofotokozera kuchokera pamachitidwe ofufuza ofufuza. Zolemba pa Za Mano. 2016. Zosintha zimapezeka kuchokera: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.01.002. Idapezeka pa Januware 12, 2016.

2. McCracken MS, Gordan VV, Litaker MS, Funkhouser E, Achinyamata JL, Shamp DG, Qvist V, Meral JS, Gilbert GH. Kuyesa kwa miyezi 24 ya amalgam ndi utoto wopanga utoto: Zotsatira za National Dental Practice-based Research Network. Journal ya American Dental Association. 2013; 144 (6): 583-93. Ipezeka kuchokera: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3694730/. Inapezeka pa December 17, 2015.

3. Laccabue M, Ahlf RL, Simecek JW. Pafupipafupi pobwezeretsanso m'malo otsalira m'mano kwa ogwira ntchito ku US Navy ndi Marine Corps. Ntchito mano. 2014; 39 (1): 43-9. Zosintha zikupezeka kuchokera: http://www.jopdentonline.org/doi/abs/10.2341/12-406-C. Inapezeka pa December 17, 2015.

4. Pallesen U, van Dijken JW. Zaka 30 zoyendetsedwa mosasinthika zimatsata mitundu itatu yamatayala obwezeretsanso m'kalasi yachiwiri. Zipangizo Zamano. 2015; 31 (10): 1232-44. Zosintha zikupezeka kuchokera: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0109564115003607. Inapezeka pa December 17, 2015.

5. Opdam NJ, van de Sande FH, Bronkhorst E, Cenci MS, Bottenberg P, Pallesen U, Gaengler P, Lindberg A, Huysmans MC, van Dijken JW. Kutalika kwakanthawi kwakubwezeretsanso kwaposachedwa: Kuwunika Mwadongosolo ndikuwunika Meta. Journal of Dental Research. 2014; 93 (10): 943-9. Ipezeka kuchokera: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4293707/. Idapezeka pa Januware 18, 2016.

6. Heintze SD, Rousson V. Kuchita bwino pakubwezeretsa kwachindunji kwa kalasi yachiwiri-kusanthula meta. J Adhes Dent. 2012; 14 (5): 407-31. Ipezeka kuchokera: http://www.osteocom.net/osteocom/modules/Friend/images/heintze_13062.pdf. Inapezeka pa December 17, 2015.

7. Rodolpho PAD, Donassollo TA, Cenci MS, Loguércio AD, Moraes RR, Bronkhorst EM, Opdam NJ, Demarco FF. Kufufuza kwamankhwala kwa zaka 22 za magwiridwe antchito am'magawo awiri okhala pambuyo pake okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Zipangizo Zamano. 2011; 27 (10): 955-63. Ipezeka kuchokera: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Rafael_Moraes6/publication/51496272.pdf. Idapezeka pa Januware 18, 2016.

8. Onani Admira Fusion patsamba la VOCO ku http://www.voco.com/us/product/admira_fusion/index.html. Idapezeka pa Januware 18, 2016.

9. Onani Admira Fusion X-tra patsamba la VOCO ku http://www.voco.com/us/product/admira_fusion_xtra/index.html. Idapezeka pa Januware 18, 2016

10. Onani Admira / Admira Fusion X-tra News patsamba la VOCO ku http://www.voco.com/en/company/news/Admira_Fusion-Admira_Fusion_x-tra/index.html. Idapezeka pa Januware 18, 2016.

11. Koral S. Upangiri wothandiza pakuyesa kofananira kwa zida zamano. 2015. Ipezeka patsamba la IAOMT.  https://iaomt.wpengine.com/practical-guide-compatibility-testing-dental-materials/. Inapezeka pa December 17, 2015.

12. Webusayiti ya Biocomp Laboratories ndi https://biocomplabs.com/

13. ELISA/ACT Biotechnologies https://www.elisaact.com/.

14. Stejskal VD, Cederbrant K, Lindvall A, Forsbeck M. MELISA-chida chopangira mavitamini pophunzira zovuta za chitsulo. Toxicology mu vitro. 1994; 8 (5): 991-1000. Ipezeka kuchokera: http://www.melisa.org/pdf/MELISA-1994.pdf. Inapezeka pa December 17, 2015.

Webusayiti ya MELISA ndi  http://www.melisa.org/.

Dzino pakamwa ndi malovu ndi siliva woboola pakati wamankhwala odzaza omwe ali ndi mercury
Kuopsa kwa Mano Amalgam: Kudzazidwa ndi Mercury ndi Thanzi Labwino

Mano amalgam ngozi imakhalapo chifukwa kudzazidwa kwa mercury kumalumikizidwa ndi zoopsa zingapo zaumoyo wa anthu.

Njira Yowonjezera ya Mercury Amalgam (SMART)

Phunzirani za njira zomwe zingatetezedwe odwala, madokotala a mano, komanso chilengedwe pochotsa mano a amalgam mercury.

iaomt amalgam pepala lokhala
IAOMT Position Paper yolimbana ndi Dental Mercury Amalgam

Chikalatachi chimaphatikizira zolemba zambiri pamutu wa mercury wamankhwala opitilira 900.