Njira zina zophatikizira kuphatikiza utomoni wophatikizika, ionomer wamagalasi, mapaipi, ndi golide, mwazinthu zina. Ogula ambiri amasankha kudzazidwa mwachindunji chifukwa utoto woyera umagwirizana bwino ndi dzino ndipo mtengo wake umawerengedwa kuti ndiwochepa.
M'mbuyomu, kutsutsana kodziwika motsutsana ndi kudzazidwa kophatikiza ndikuti sanali olimba ngati amalgam. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa watsimikizira izi. Ofufuza za kafukufuku yemwe adasindikizidwa mu 2016 ndipo adachitika kwa odwala opitilira 76,000 kwazaka zopitilira khumi adapeza kuti mayikidwe am'mbuyo am'mbuyo anali ndi kuchuluka kwakulephera kwapachaka kuposa zophatikiza.1Kafukufuku awiri osiyana omwe adasindikizidwa mu 2013 adapeza kuti kuphatikiza komwe kumachitika komanso amalgam poyerekeza kuchuluka kwakulephera2ndi mitengo yobwezeretsa m'malo.3Kafukufuku wina waperekanso zotsatira zofananira: kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2015 olembedwa kuti "magwiridwe antchito azachipatala" azitsulo zophatikizika pazaka 30,4kusanthula kwa meta komwe kudafalitsidwa mu 2014 kunati "kupulumuka kwabwino" kwamakonzedwe obwezeretsa pambuyo pake,5Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2012 adawonetsa mitundu ina yazinthu zophatikizika mpaka bola amalgam,6ndipo kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2011 adapeza "magwiridwe antchito abwino azachipatala" azophatikiza pazaka 22.7
Zodzazidwa zingapo zatsutsidwanso chifukwa zina mwazo zimakhala ndi zotsutsana bisphenol-A (BPA). Madokotala a mano ali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pankhani yachitetezo cha BPA ndi mitundu ina ya bisphenol, monga Bis-GMA ndi Bis-DMA. Pakhalanso nkhawa ina yama ionomers yamagalasi, onse omwe ali ndi fluoride.
Odwala omwe ali ndi nkhawa ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mano awo nthawi zambiri amasankha kukambirana ndi madokotala awo za kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chomwe mulibe zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, chinthu chotchedwa Admira Kusakanikirana8/Admira Fusion X-tra9yotulutsidwa mu Januware 2016 ndi kampani yamazinyo VOCO akuti ndi ceramic10komanso kuti musakhale ndi Bis-GMA kapena BPA isanachiritsidwe kapena itatha.
Njira ina kwa odwala mano yokhudzana ndi njira ina yopanda mankhwala a mercury yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chodzaza ndikudzifufuza okha komanso / kapena kuyesa mayeso a biocompatibility. Ngati kuyezetsa kwachilengedwe kukugwiritsidwa ntchito, magazi amtundu wa wodwalayo amatumizidwa ku labotale komwe seramu imawunikiridwa ngati kuli ma antibodies a IgG ndi IgM kuzipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mano.11 Wodwalayo amapatsidwa mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zida zamazinyo zamankhwala zili zotetezeka kuti azizigwiritsa ntchito ndipo ndi ziti zomwe zingayambitse kuyankha. Zitsanzo ziwiri za ma lab omwe pano akupereka ntchitoyi ndi awa Maofesi a Biocomp12ndi ELISA / ACT Biotechnologies13
Komanso, ponena za matenda a mano, Dr. Stejskal adayambitsa Kuyesedwa kwa MELISA mu 1994. Uwu ndi mtundu wosinthidwa wa (Lymphocyte Transformation Test) LLT wopangidwa kuti ayesere mtundu wazitsulo wazitsulo IV wachedwetsa kukhudzika kwazitsulo, kuphatikiza chidwi cha mercury.14
Kuphatikiza pa kuganizira zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pakudzaza mano, ndikofunikira kuti odwala mano ndi akatswiri azidziwa bwino gwiritsani ntchito njira zachitetezo pochotsa mano a malgam mercury.