Kudzazidwa ndi Mercury: Mano Amalgam Zotsatira Zazovuta ndi Zochita

Wodwala ali pabedi ndi dokotala akukambirana zomwe zimachitika ndi zoyipa zake chifukwa cha poizoni wa mercury

Zotsatira zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala zamankhwala zoyipa ndi zovuta zake chifukwa cha mercury m'madzazidwe amasiyana ndi wodwala chifukwa cha ziwopsezo zomwe zimayambitsa.

Ngati aliyense atakumana ndi zotulukapo zomwezo ndi zotulukapo zake za poizoni wa chilengedwe, zikadakhala zowonekeratu kwa onse, komanso kwa madotolo awo, kuti kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena owopsa kumabweretsa zotsatira zenizeni - matenda omwewo. Komabe, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu amayankha poizoni wazachilengedwe monga mano amalgam mercury m'njira yodziwika ndi matupi awo.

Mano Amalgam Mercury: Ndi chiyani?

Madokotala mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito amalgam a mano ngati mankhwala odzaza mano owola. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "kudzazidwa ndi siliva," onse amalumikizidwe amano amakhala ndi 45-55% metallic mercury. Mercury ndi neurotoxin yodziwika yomwe imatha kuvulaza anthu, makamaka ana, amayi apakati, ndi fetus. A Lipoti la 2005 Health World (WHO) anachenjeza za mercury kuti: “Zitha kupweteketsa manjenje, kugaya chakudya, kupuma, chitetezo cha mthupi komanso impso, kuphatikizaponso kuwononga mapapu. Zovuta zathanzi la mercury zitha kukhala: kunjenjemera, kusawona bwino komanso kumva, kufooka, kusowa tulo, kusakhazikika kwamalingaliro, zoperewera pakukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo, komanso kuchepa kwa chidwi ndikuchedwa kwakukula muubwana. Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti mercury sangakhale ndi malire pansipa omwe zovuta zake sizimachitika. ”[1]

Pali ntchito yapadziko lonse yomwe yatsogozedwa ndi United Nations Environment Programme kuti ichepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mercury, kuphatikiza yamano a mano,[2] ndipo maiko ena aletsa kale kagwiritsidwe kake.[3]  Komabe, amaligamu amagwiritsidwabe ntchito pafupifupi 45% yamabwezeretsedwe amano apadziko lonse lapansi,[4] kuphatikiza ku United States. M'malo mwake, akuti pakadali pano pali matani opitilira 1,000 a mercury mkamwa mwa anthu aku America, yomwe ndi yoposa theka la mercury yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku US lero.[5]

Malipoti ndi kafukufuku ndizofanana kuti zodzazidwa ndi mercury izi zimatulutsa nthunzi za mercury,[6] [7] [8] ndipo pomwe kubwezeretsaku kumatchedwa "kudzaza siliva," "mano ophatikizana," ndi / kapena "amalgam kudzazidwa," [9] anthu nthawi zambiri samadziwa kuti amalgam amatanthauza kuphatikiza kwa zitsulo zina ndi mercury.[10]

Zovuta Zam'mano Amalgam Zotsatira ndi Zochita Zolumikizidwa ndi Mercury Pakudzaza

Kupeza moyenera "zovuta zathanzi" zokhudzana ndi mano a mercury amalgam kumadzazidwa kumalephereka ndi mndandanda wazovuta zamayankho ku mtundu woyambira wa chinthucho, womwe umakhala ndi zizindikiro zopitilira 250.[11]  Gome ili m'munsiyi ndi mndandanda wachidule wa zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zimakonda kuphatikizika ndi mpweya wa elementi wa mercury (womwe ndi mtundu womwewo wa mercury womwe umatuluka nthawi zonse kuchokera kumadzimadzi amadzimadzi):

Zizindikiro zomwe zimakonda kuphatikizika ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa elemental mercury vapors
Kutsegula kapena zizindikiro zofananira monga kusakhazikika kwamalingaliro, kusowa kwa njala, kufooka kwakukulu, komanso kusintha kwa khungu[12]
Anorexia[13]
Mavuto amtima/ kugunda kwa labile [kusinthasintha kwa kugunda kwa mtima] / tachycardia [kugunda kwamtima mwachangu] [14]
Kuzindikira / minyewa / kuwonongeka/ kutayika kukumbukira / kuchepa kwamaganizidwe / zovuta ndi mawu ndi mawonekedwe[15] [16] [17] [18] [19]
Zosokonekera / delirium / kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo[20] [21]
Zochitika pakhungu/ dermographism [khungu lomwe limadziwika ndi zilembo zofiira] / dermatitis[22] [23]
Kusokonezeka kwa Endocrine/ kukulitsa kwa chithokomiro[24] [25]
Kulimbitsa mtima [zizindikiro monga kukwiya, mayankho achilendo pakukondoweza, komanso kusakhazikika kwamalingaliro] [26] [27] [28] [29]
kutopa[30] [31]
litsipa[32]
Kumva kutayika[33]
Kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi[34] [35]
kusowa tulo[36]
Kusintha kwamitsempha/ zotumphukira za m'mitsempha / kuchepa kwa mgwirizano / kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito / polyneuropathy / kusintha kwamitsempha monga kufooka, kufooka kwa minofu, ndi kugwedezeka[37] [38] [39] [40] [41]
Mawonetseredwe apakamwa/ gingivitis / kulawa kwazitsulo / zotupa za m'kamwa za lichenoid /[42][43][44][45] [46] [47]
Nkhani zamaganizidwe/ kusintha kwa malingaliro kokhudzana ndi mkwiyo, kukhumudwa, kukwiya, kukwiya, kusinthasintha, komanso mantha[48] [49] [50] [51]
Mavuto a impso [impso]/ proteinuria / nephrotic matenda[52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57]
Mavuto opatsirana/ bronchial irritation / bronchitis / chifuwa / dyspnea [zovuta kupuma] / pneumonitis / kulephera kupuma[58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64]
Manyazi [manyazi mopitirira muyeso] / kuchoka pagulu[65] [66]
Mitambo/ kunjenjemera kwa mercurial / kunjenjemera kwa cholinga[67] [68] [69] [70] [71]
kuwonda[72]

Osakhala odwala onse omwe azizindikira chizindikiro kapena kuphatikiza kwa zizindikilo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera pazizindikiro pamwambapa, kafukufuku wambiri awonetsa zoopsa pazinthu zina zathanzi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuphatikiza mano. M'malo mwake, asayansi agwirizanitsa mercury m'maphatikizidwe amadzimadzi ndi matenda a Alzheimer's,[73] [74] [75] amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (matenda a Lou Gehrig),[76] kukana kwa maantibayotiki,[77] [78][79][80] nkhaŵa,[81] Matenda a autism,[82] [83] [84] Matenda osokoneza bongo / kusowa kwa thupi,[85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] mavuto amtima,[95] [96] [97] matenda otopa,[98] [99] [100] [101] kukhumudwa,[102] kusabereka,[103] [104] matenda a impso,[105] [106] [107] [108] [109] [110] [111] [112] matenda ofoola ziwalo,[113] [114] [115] [116] Matenda a Parkinson,[117] [118] [119] ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo.[120]

Zovuta Zam'mano Amalgam Zotsatira ndi Zochita Zinthu # 1: Fomu ya Mercury

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu ndizofunikira pakuwunika kuchuluka kwa zizindikilo zokhudzana ndi poizoni wazachilengedwe: mercury imatha kupezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala, ndipo mitundu iyi ndi mankhwala amatha kupanga zovuta zina mwa anthu omwe amawadziwitsa. Mtundu wa mercury womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza amalgam ndi elemental (metallic) mercury, womwe ndi mtundu womwewo wa mercury womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu ina ya ma thermometers (ambiri omwe aletsedwa). Mosiyana ndi izi, mercury mu nsomba ndi methylmercury, ndipo mercury mu katemera woteteza thimerosal ndi ethylmercury. Zizindikiro zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa m'gawo lapitalo zimafotokozedwa ndi mpweya wa mercury, womwe ndi mtundu wa kutulutsa kwa mercury komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kudzazika kwa mano.

Zovuta Zotsatira za Mano Amalgam ndi Zochita Zake # 2: Mphamvu ya Mercury Pamagulu Osiyana M'thupi

Chifukwa china chodziwikiratu cha izi ndikuti mercury yomwe imalowetsedwa mthupi imatha kudziunjikira pafupifupi chiwalo chilichonse. Ponena za kudzazidwa kwa mano, bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) lati: "Kuphatikiza mano kumatha kupangitsa kuti mankhwalawa atengeke ndi mankhwala a mercury, kuyerekezera kuti azidya tsiku lililonse kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 27 μg / tsiku."[121]  Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu aku America okwana 67 miliyoni azaka ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo akupitilira nthunzi ya mercury yoyesedwa ngati "yotetezeka" ndi US EPA chifukwa chakupezeka kwa mankhwala amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzaza [kapena opitilira 122 miliyoni aku America opitilira kuchuluka kwa nthunzi amawoneka ngati "otetezeka" ndi California EPA chifukwa chazitsulo zawo zamazinyo zamadzimadzi amalgam).[122]

Pafupifupi 80% ya nthunzi ya mercury yomwe imachokera m'madzimadzi amadzazidwa ndimapapu ndikupitilira thupi lonse,[123] makamaka ubongo, impso, chiwindi, mapapo, ndi m'mimba.[124]  Hafu ya moyo wa zachitsulo Mercury zimasiyanasiyana kutengera limba komwe mercury adayikidwako komanso mkhalidwe wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni.[125]   Mwachitsanzo, theka la miyoyo ya mercury m'thupi lonse ndi impso lakhala likuyerekeza masiku 58,[126] pomwe mercury yoyikidwa muubongo imatha kukhala ndi theka la moyo mpaka zaka makumi angapo.[127]

Kuphatikiza apo, nthunzi ya mercury yomwe imalowetsedwa m'thupi imamangirira m'magulu a mapuloteni a sulfhydryl komanso amino acid okhala ndi sulfure m'thupi lonse.[128]   Mpweya wa Mercury, womwe umasungunuka ndi lipid, umatha kuwoloka mosavuta chotchinga cha magazi ndi ubongo ndikusandulika mercury yopanda mphamvu m'maselo ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni a catalase.[129]  Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi glutathione ndi magulu a protein cysteine.[130] Dinani apa kuti mudziwe zambiri za Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira za poyizoni wa nthunzi ya mercury.

Zovuta Zam'mano Amalgam Zotsatira ndi Zochita Zake # 3: Zotsatira Zochedwa za Mercury

Zotsatira zakupezeka kwa poizoni ndizobisalira kwambiri chifukwa zimatha kutenga zaka zambiri kuti zizindikiritso zizidziwike, komanso kuwonekera koyambirira, makamaka ngati kuli kotsika komanso kosatha (monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mercury amalgam fillings), sizingagwirizane ndi kuchedwa kwazizindikiro. Lingaliro lakuchedwa kuyankha pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mankhwala kumathandizidwa ndi Kuzindikira pantchito pantchito yachitetezo chaumoyo (OSHA) Ponena za kupezeka kwa mankhwala ndi matenda omwe amabwera pambuyo pake: "Izi ndizowona makamaka pazotsatira zaumoyo zomwe zimakhalapo pakapita nthawi, kapena pambuyo powonekera [mankhwala] mobwerezabwereza. Matenda ambiri amakhazikika chifukwa cha kutalika kwa nthawi kwa zaka 20-30 kapena kupitilira apo. ”[131]

Zovuta Zam'mano Amalgam Zotsatira ndi Zochita Zambiri # 4: Ziwengo ku Mercury

Kafukufuku wa 1993 adawonetsa kuti 3.9% yamaphunziro athanzi adayesedwa kuti ali ndi vuto pazitsulo.[132]  Ngati chiwerengerochi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu aku US pano, izi zikutanthauza kuti chifuwa chachitsulo chamano chingakhudze anthu aku America okwana 12.5 miliyoni. Chofunikanso ndichakuti, mu 1972, North American Contact Dermatitis Group idatsimikiza kuti 5-8% ya anthu aku US adawonetsa kuwopsa kwa mercury poyesa khungu,[133] zomwe zitha kukhala pafupifupi 21 miliyoni aku America lero. Komabe, ziwerengerozi zitha kukhala zazikulu kwambiri chifukwa kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi malipoti amavomereza kuti ziwengo zachitsulo zikukula.[134] [135]

Popeza odwala ambiri samayesedwa ngati ali ndi vuto la mercury asanafike pamankhwala ophatikizira mano, izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambiri aku America sakudziwa zomwe zimadzaza pakamwa pawo. Nkhani yolembedwa ndi Hosoki ndi Nishigawa mu 2011 inafotokoza chifukwa chake madokotala amayenera kuphunzitsidwa za zotsatirapo zake:[136]

Ionization yazitsulo imawoneka kuti ili ndi gawo lalikulu pamitundu iyi ya chifuwa. Ngakhale chitsulo "chokhazikika" chimawerengedwa kuti sichimagwira, ngati ionization yachitsulo ichitika, izi zimatha kuyambitsa vuto. M'kamwa, ionization imatha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa pH koyambitsidwa ndi malovu ndi zakudya.[137]  Zinthu zamagetsi zingayambitsenso kutentha kwa mano ndikupanga mafunde amagetsi pamagetsi otchedwa oral galvanism.[138]  Ndizosadabwitsa kuti kukamwa kwamlomo kwakhazikitsidwa ngati chinthu chofunikira pakukondoweza kuzitsulo zamano.[139]  Ngakhale kuphatikiza kwa mercury ndi golide kwadziwika kuti ndi komwe kumayambitsa kutupa kwa mano, zitsulo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa mano zitha kupanganso izi.[140] [141] [142]

Zambiri zamankhwala zimalumikizidwa ndi chifuwa cha mano. Izi zikuphatikizapo autoimmunity,[143] [144] matenda otopa,[145] [146] [147] fibromyalgia,[148] [149] zachitsulo pigmentation,[150] kukhudzidwa kwamankhwala ambiri,[151] [152] matenda ofoola ziwalo,[153] matenda a encephalitis,[154] zilonda zamlomo za lichenoid,[155] [156] [157] [158] [159] matenda a granulomatosis,[160] ngakhale kusabereka.[161]

Zovuta Zam'mano Amalgam Zotsatira ndi Zochita Zake # 5: Kukonzekera Kwachibadwa

Kuopsa kwa chibadwa mu chingwe cha DNA

Chibadwa ndi chinthu chofunikira kuganizira mukamawunika chiwopsezo chazovuta zamankhwala amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzaza.

Vuto lazomwe zimapangitsa kuti chibadwa chikhale ndi vuto linalake, lomwe limadza chifukwa chotsitsidwa ndi mercury lawunikidwanso m'maphunziro angapo. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza adalumikiza zotsatira zakusokonekera kwa mitsempha chifukwa chokhala ndi mercury ndi mtundu wina wa ma polymorphism. Ofufuza ofufuza omwe adasindikizidwa mu 2006 adalumikiza polymorphism, CPOX4 (ya coproporphyrinogen oxidase, exon 4), kuti ichepetse liwiro la visuomotor ndi zisonyezo zakukhumudwa kwa akatswiri amano.[162]  Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyanasiyana kwa majini a CPOX4 kunadziwika kuti ndi komwe kumayambitsa zovuta zamankhwala pakufufuza kwa ana omwe ali ndi malumikizidwe amano. Ofufuzawo anati, "… mwa anyamata, zochitika zambiri zolumikizana pakati pa CPOX4 ndi Hg [mercury] zidawonedwa pamadera onse asanu a magwiridwe antchito ... Zotsatira izi ndizoyambirira kuwonetsa kutengera kwa majini ku zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha Hg [mercury] mwa ana. ”[163]

Kutha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ya majini kungasokoneze momwe thupi limayankhira pakuwonekera kwa mano a mercury kwathandizanso chidwi pazofalitsa. A Nkhani ya 2016 yolembedwa ndi Greg Gordon wa McClatchy News Kuphatikiza pazofunsidwa ndi ena mwa omwe adafufuza pamwambapa. Chodabwitsa, Dr. James Woods anati: "'Anthu 50 pa XNUMX mpaka XNUMX peresenti ali ndi izi (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini).'”[164]  M'nkhani yomweyi, Dr. Diana Echeverria anafotokoza za "chiopsezo cha moyo wonse" cha kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yokhudzana ndi anthuwa, ndipo adanenanso kuti: "'Sitikunena za ngozi yaying'ono.'”[165]

Gawo lina lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi chibadwa poyerekeza ndi chiopsezo cha mano cha mercury lomwe lachita chidwi ndi APOE4 (Apo-lipoprotein E4) kusiyanasiyana kwa majini. Kafukufuku wa 2006 adapeza kulumikizana pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi APOE4 ndi poyizoni wa mercury.[166]  Kafukufuku omwewo adapeza kuti kuchotsedwa kwamazinyo amadzimadzi amadzaza "kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chizindikiro," ndipo chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe zidatchulidwa ndikumakumbukira. Chizindikiro cha kukumbukira kukumbukira ndichosangalatsa, chifukwa APOE4 yakhala ikugwirizananso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a Alzheimer's.[167] [168] [169]

Chofunika kwambiri, olemba kafukufuku omwe anapeza kugwirizana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a mercury ndi zotsatira za matenda a neurotoxic kwa iwo omwe ali ndi APOE genotype anafotokoza kuti: "APO-E genotyping amavomereza kufufuza ngati mankhwala othandiza kwa omwe ali pachiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a ubongo, kuphatikizapo AD [Alzheimer's Matenda], akawululidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala a mercury… Mpata ukhoza kupezeka kwa madokotala kuti athandize kuzindikira omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso kuti athetse kuwonongeka kwamitsempha pambuyo pake. ”[170]

Kupatula CPOX4 ndi APOE, zikhalidwe zomwe zawunikiridwa chifukwa chokhudzana ndi zovuta zaumoyo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kukhudzana ndi mercury ndi BDNF (neurotropic factor),[171] [172] [173] ma metallothionein (MT) ma polymorphisms, [174] [175] catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) mitundu,[176] ndi kusintha kwa MTHFR ndi mitundu ya PON1.[177]  Olemba limodzi la kafukufukuyu anamaliza kuti: "N'kutheka kuti mankhwala enaake otchedwa mercury amatha kutsatira mbiri ya mtovu, ndipo pamapeto pake angaonedwe ngati mankhwala opatsirana pogonana otsika kwambiri."[178]

 Zovuta Zam'mano Amalgam Zotsatira ndi Zochita Zake # 6: Zoganizira Zina

Ngakhale povomereza kuti chifuwa ndi chiwopsezo cha majini chimatha kuthandizira kuthana ndi mano, palinso zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zimalumikizidwa pachiwopsezo cha mercury.[179]  Kuphatikiza pa kulemera ndi msinkhu wa munthu, kuchuluka kwa ma amalgam kumadzaza pakamwa,[180] [181] [182] [183] [184] [185] [186] [187] [188] [189] [190] [191] [192] jenda, [193] [194] [195] [196] [197] chikwangwani cha mano,[198]  selenium,[199] Kuwonetsedwa kutsogolera (Pb),[200] [201] [202] [203] kumwa mkaka[204] [l05] kapena mowa,[206] kuchuluka kwa methylmercury kuchokera ku nsomba,[207] kuthekera kwa mercury kuchokera kumano ophatikizira mano kuti musandulike methylmercury mkati mwa thupi la munthu,[208] [209] [210] [211] [212] [213] ndi zina[214] [215] itha kutenga nawo gawo pakuyankha kwapadera kwa munthu aliyense ku mercury. Mwachitsanzo, magome omwe ali pansipa akudziwitsa mitundu yopitilira 30 yosiyana siyana yomwe ingakhudze mayankho a mercury wamano.[216]

Kutsiliza za kudzazidwa kwa Mercury / Mano Amalgam Zotsatira zoyipa ndikuchitapo kanthu

Zinthu zokhudzana ndi nthunzi ya mercury yotulutsidwa m'mano a mercury amalgam fillings
M'badwo wa mano mercury amalgam kudzazidwa
Kukonza, kupukuta, ndi njira zina zamano
Zamkatimu za zinthu zina zosakanikirana ndi mercury, monga tini, mkuwa, siliva, ndi zina zambiri.
Chipika cha mano
Kuwonongeka kwa mano a mercury amalgam kudzazidwa
Zizolowezi monga kutsuka, bruxism, kutafuna (kuphatikizapo chingamu kutafuna, makamaka chikonga cha chingamu), kumwa zakumwa zotentha, zakudya (makamaka zakudya za acidic), kusuta, ndi zina zambiri.
Matenda mkamwa
Chiwerengero cha mano amadzimadzi amalgam
Zitsulo zina pakamwa, monga kudzaza golide kapena zodzikongoletsera za titaniyamu
Mitsinje ya mizu ndi ntchito zina zamano
Malovu amate
Kukula kwa mano a mercury amalgam kudzazidwa
Pamwamba pa malo a mano a mercury amalgam
Njira ndi njira zachitetezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mano a mercury amalgam
Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mano a mercury amalgam kudzazidwa
Makhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe zokhudzana ndi kuyankha kwa mercury
Mowa
Matupi kapena hypersensitivity kwa mercury
Mabakiteriya, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mercury ndi maantibayotiki
Zolemetsa m'matumba ndi minofu monga impso, matenda am'mimbamo, chiwindi, ndi ubongo
zakudya
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mankhwala, zosangalatsa, ndi kuledzera)
Masewera olimbitsa thupi
Kuwonetsedwa ku mitundu ina ya mercury (mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba), lead, kuipitsa, ndi zinthu zilizonse zapoizoni (pakadali pano kapena m'mbuyomu)
Fetal kapena mkaka woyamwitsa mercury, lead, ndi chilichonse chakupha
Gender
Makhalidwe ndi kusiyanasiyana
matenda
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mimba
Kumwa mkaka
Mavitamini, makamaka mkuwa, zinc, ndi selenium
Kuwonetsedwa pantchito ndi zinthu zakupha
Thanzi lathunthu
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi heleminths
Kupsinjika / kukhumudwa
yisiti

Kuphatikiza apo, lingaliro la mankhwala angapo omwe amalumikizana mthupi la munthu kuti apange thanzi labwino tsopano liyenera kukhala chidziwitso chofunikira chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amakono. Ofufuza Jack Schubert, E. Joan Riley, ndi Sylvanus A. Tyler anafotokoza za mbali yofunika kwambiriyi ya mankhwala oopsa m'nkhani ya sayansi yofalitsidwa mu 1978. Polingalira za kufalikira kwa mankhwala, iwo anati: “Chifukwa chake, nkofunika kudziwa zomwe zingachitike zovuta za anthu awiri kapena kupitilira apo kuti athe kuwunika zomwe zingachitike kuntchito ndi zachilengedwe komanso kuti athe kuloleza kuchuluka kwa zinthu. ”[217]

Izi ndizofunikira makamaka poganizira kuti anthu atha kupezeka kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana kudzera kunyumba, ntchito, ndi zina. Kuphatikiza apo, zotulukapo zomwe zimachitika ngati mwana wakhanda zimadziwikanso chifukwa chokhoza kudzetsa mavuto m'moyo pambuyo pake.

Zachidziwikire, momwe ndendende momwe thupi la munthu limayankhira poizoni wazachilengedwe limatengera zochitika ndi mikhalidwe. Zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi ndi gawo limodzi chabe mwa zidutswa zingapo pazovuta zamankhwala zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuwonekera kwa poizoni. Pulogalamu ya sayansi kumbuyo kwa mercury ya mano zikuwonetsa kuti kuti timvetsetse bwino matenda achilengedwe, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti monga momwe kuwonekera kwa poizoni kuli kwapadera, momwemonso munthu aliyense amakhudzidwa ndi chiopsezo choterechi. Pamene tikuvomereza izi, timadzipatsanso mwayi wopanga tsogolo komwe mano ndi mankhwala ndizophatikiza kwambiri ndikuvomereza poyera kuti wodwala aliyense amayankha mosiyanasiyana kuzinthu ndi mankhwala mosiyanasiyana. Timadzipatsanso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotetezeka zomwe zimachepetsa zovuta zathupi lathu ndikukhazikitsa njira yathanzi.

Zothandizira

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Olemba Zamano a Mercury

( Mphunzitsi, Wopanga mafilimu, Philanthropist )

Dr. David Kennedy adachita udokotala wa mano kwa zaka zoposa 30 ndipo adapuma pantchito yachipatala ku 2000. Iye ndi Purezidenti Wakale wa IAOMT ndipo waphunzitsa madokotala a mano ndi akatswiri ena azaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi pa nkhani za chitetezo cha mano, mercury toxicity, ndi fluoride. Dr. Kennedy amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ngati woyimira madzi abwino akumwa, mankhwala a mano achilengedwe komanso ndi mtsogoleri wodziwika bwino pantchito yoteteza mano. Dr. Kennedy ndi mlembi komanso wotsogolera wa filimu yopambana mphoto ya Fluoridegate.

Dr. Griffin Cole, MIAOMT adalandira Mastership yake ku International Academy of Oral Medicine ndi Toxicology ku 2013 ndipo adalemba kabuku ka Academy's Fluoridation Brochure ndi Scientific Review ya Ozone yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamankhwala a mizu. Iye ndi Purezidenti wakale wa IAOMT ndipo akutumikira pa Board of Directors, Mentor Committee, Fluoride Committee, Conference Committee and is the Fundamentals Course Director.

Dinani apa kuti mumve zambiri za chikalata ichi ndi zatchulidwe zasayansi
Dental Amalgam Mercury ndi Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Chidule ndi Zolemba

Sayansi yagwirizanitsa mercury ngati chiopsezo chomwe chingayambitse matenda a multiple sclerosis (MS), ndipo kafukufuku pa mutuwu akuphatikizapo mano amalgam mercury fillings.

Dental Amalgam Mercury ndi Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Chidule ndi Zolemba
Kumvetsetsa Kuyesa Kwakuopsa Kwa Mano Amalgam Mercury

Nkhani yowunika zoopsa ndiyofunikira pamtsutsano woti amalgam ndiotetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda malire.

Kumvetsetsa Kuyesa Kwakuopsa Kwa Mano Amalgam Mercury
iaomt amalgam pepala lokhala
IAOMT Position Paper yolimbana ndi Dental Mercury Amalgam

Chikalatachi chimaphatikizira zolemba zambiri pamutu wa mercury wamankhwala opitilira 900.

IAOMT Position Paper yolimbana ndi Dental Mercury Amalgam

Mano Mercury Amalgam Kudzazidwa: Zotsatira ndi zoyipa zake